The Melody Web what each genre heard, and what it passed on

heard passed on Click or tap a node to recenter. Use a connecting line, or Influence, for the story.

Heard

Dong Son bronze practice · prehistoric–2nd century CE

Heger Type I Dong Son drums and later Heger Type II drums occupy overlapping hill country south of the Red River.

Influence

Muong bronze drum

practice · 4th century–

Also called Heger Type II drum, Mường bronze drum

Living highland bronze-drum ritual of the Mường in northern Vietnam: Heger Type II drums sounded at funerals of notables, weddings, and festivals. It hears Dong Son bronze as the Heger I job in the same hill populations (Nishimura). Empty extra Received and Given is historically checked. Nhã nhạc leftover as a later Vietnamese court job that hears Yayue, not these drums. Tai/Tày leftover as groups that did not keep continuous bronze-drum use. Lo Lo leftover as a named parallel bronze-drum user in the northernmost hills, not a hop this school heard or gave (Nishimura). Mường gong (Xắc Bùa and named village tunes) leftover as a same-community bronze job, not a parent or child of the Heger funeral drum. Karen Heger III leftover as a later Burmese frog-drum lineage whose filiation from Type II is unproven. Tây Nguyên cồng chiêng leftover as a Central Highland gong-ensemble job, not a skip from these drums onto island gamelan. Kinh theatre and chamber song leftover as lowland jobs that dropped the drum. Festival revival stays on this node.

Listen

  1. Heger Type II drum (funeral / festival) Mường bronze-drum tradition (living / traditional) YouTube

Passed on

This practice did not pass a named later genre.

Dong Son bronze → Muong bronze drum

instrumentationfunction and contextperformance practicestrength: mediumwell documented300–1800oralpatronage

Mechanism

Heger Type I Dong Son drums and later Heger Type II drums occupy overlapping hill country south of the Red River. The users remain Viet-Muong highland communities; Mường still sound Type II drums in funeral and festival rite (Nishimura). Strength medium. This is a named continuation of the bronze-drum job, not Hood’s empty-century hop onto Javanese gamelan, and not Nhã nhạc (a court suite that hears Yayue). Tai/Tày leftover as groups that did not keep this continuous use. Karen/Tai heirloom display leftover as object-use of drums, not this living Mường school.

Evidence

Nishimura’s ethnohistoric mapping of Heger types; ethnographic record of Mường Type II use (Cuisinier and later); Grove on mainland bronze drums.

Debate

Whether Type II is the same school or a later recast (Guangxi casting for highland patrons). The edge is continuity of use in the same hill populations, not identity of every workshop. Do not upgrade this into a parent of island gong-chime.

Mediators

community: Viet-Muong highland users of Heger drums